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    1. કોર્સીસ
    2. VTU THEORY
    3. VTU Sem 1
    4. ENGINEERING PHYSICS
    5. Module – 3
    applications.
    Block diagram discussion of point to point communication
    Attenuation,
    Types of optical fibers and modes of propagation
    Numerical aperture
    Angle of acceptance
    Propagation mechanism in optical fibers
    applications of holography.
    Holography– Principle of Recording and reconstruction of images
    Measurement of atmospheric pollutants
    cutting and drilling
    Applications of Laser – Laser welding
    Construction and working of CO2 laser and semiconductor Laser
    Principle
    Condition for laser action
    Requisites of a Laser system
    Einstein’s coefficients (expression for energy density)
    Lasers and Optical Fibers :
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